Gas-engine



(No Model.)

t e e h S m e e h S 6 Y 0 R T S GAS ENGINE.

rum I m 2 w y a M d w w a m 1 P 1 NW, .Jfl 4m. annuw M II MI M I 7; W J .1 1 J H m BEN 4 WITNESSE N. PETERS. PlmXe-Lithognphur. Wan-Ingtnn, D. C.

6 Sheets-Sheet 2. D. S. TROY.

GAS ENGINE.

' No Model.)

Patented May 12', 1885.

nae/2 ATTORNEYS N4 PEI'ERS, Phnlo-Lilhngmphur. Washingtnn. n. c.

(No Model.) 6 SheetsSh.eet 3.

D. S. TROY.

GAS ENGINE. No. 317,892. Patented May 12, 1885.

WITNESSES INVENTUR v ATTORNEYS.

N. PEIERS, Phoio'Lhhngrzphur. Wishingfion. D. C,

6 Sheets-Sheet 5. D. S. TROY. GAS ENGINE.

(No Model.)

No. 317,892. Patented May 12, 1885.

g TVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS WITNESSES (No Model.)

6 Sheets$heet. 6. D. 8. TROY.

GAS ENGINE.

Patented May 12, 1885'.

[NVBNTOR ,6? a.

ATTORNEYST E WITNESSES Nv PETERS, phcwLflhngr-apfmr. Washington. Dv C.

nirrien S rata s Areas? @rricn.

DANIEL S. TROY, OF MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA.

GAS-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part 05 Letters Patent No. 317,892, dated May 12,1885.

Application tiled July 30, 185 4. (No model.)

T 0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL S. TROY, of Montgomery, in the county of Montgomery and State of Alabama, have invented a new and improved Gas'-.Engine, of which the fol lowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a new and improved engine which is operated by the explosion of a mixture of compressed gas and air, and also by the expansion of compressed gas, which engine is so constructed that it automatic lly provides itself with the quantity of air required to produce the explosive mixture.

The invention consists in a gas-engine constructed with two cylinders, each containing a separate piston connected with the same crankshaft, and with channels, tubes, or other conductors by which compressed gas is conducted into one cylinder, and after the gas has expanded in the said cylinder itis mixed with air and then conducted into the second cylinder, in which the mixture is exploded, thereby driving the piston forward, the piston in the other cylinder being driven forward by the expansion of the compressed gas. A mixing-chamber is provided in which the gas and air are mixed and then conducted into the explosion-chamber. An automatic valve is provided for admitting the mixture of gas and air into the explosion-cylinder, and an automatic lighting or spark-producing device for igniting the mixture of gas and airis also provided, all as hereinafter full described, and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved gas-engine, parts being broken out and others shownin section. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same through the cylinders. Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional elevation of one of the cylinders and the regulating-valves of the same. Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail plan view of the under side of one pair of cylinders. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view, looking upward, on the line as :17, Fig. 3. Fi 6 is a like sectional plan view on the line 113 Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail side view of the cam device for operating the valve for regulating the admission of gas. Fig. Sis an enlarged side view of the cam mechanism for operating the additional slide-valves for admitting the mixture of gas and air into the chamber. Fig. 9 is acrosssectional view on the line 11 21, Fig. 8.

The engine is constructed with two concentrio cylinders of which one surrounds the other. I have shown two pairs of such concentric cylinders and pistons and suitable connecting-rods connected with one shaft for the purpose of overcoming the dead-center,the engine shown being specially adapted for use as a marine engine. As both pairs of cylinders and the pistons, connectingrods, valves, &c.. connected with the same are alike. I will describe only one pair of cylinders and the devices connected with the same.

For each pair of cylinders the shaft A is provided with three cranksnamely, one crank'A and two cranks A the crank A projecting in a direction directly opposite to that in which the cranks A project, and being arranged between the cranks A -that is, the cranks A and A are one hundred and eighty degrees from each other. The crank A is connected by a connecting-rod, B, with a piston-rod, O, secured to a piston, D, working in a cylinder, E. The cranks A are connected by connectingrods B with piston-rods 0 both secured to an annular piston, D", working in a cylinder, F surrounding the cylinder E. The cylinder E is closed at the top and bottom and is provided with a suitable stufling-box, E through which the piston-rod C passes. The outer annular cylinder, E is open at the bottom. Cross-heads are formed on the outer ends of the pistonrods O and G the said cross-heads being guided by suitable vertical guides held in the frame of the machine.

In the upper part of the cylinder E a chamber, F, is formed between the top of the cylinder and a horizontal partition, E. In the said chamber F a vertical cylinder, F, is arranged, in which a vertically-sliding valve, F is placed, which is adapted to close a channel, f, which is adapted to establish com munication between the cylinder E and the chamber F by means of the cylinder F, arranged in the said chamber F. The valve F is secured on a stem, f, projecting through a IOC stuffing-box in the top of the chamber F, and provided at its upper end with a head, f Between the head f 2 and the top of the cylinder a spring, f surrounds the stemf and presses the same upward. A lever, G, pivoted on the standard G 'on the top of the cylinders has one end resting on the headf of the stem f and the other end resting on a rod, H, projecting down through a stuffing-box into the middle of the upper part of the cylinder E, the said stuffing-box being arranged in the head of the said cylinder.

The rod H is provided at its upper end with a cross-pin to prevent it from dropping through the stuifingbox into the cylinder. An electrical contact-piece, g, is held on that end of the lever G resting on the rod H, the said piece being insulated from the lever and connected by a wire, 9, with an electric lighter, I, in the top of the cylinder for producing sparks, the lighter being connected by a wire, h, with an induction-coil, J, which is connected by a wire, t, with an arm, G, held on the top of the cylinder and insulated from the same. The free end of the said arm G is located above the contact-piece g on the lever G and carries a contact-screw, j.

On one side of each pair of cylinders E and E a valve box or chest, K, is formed, in which two cylindrical chambers, L and L are formed, one above the other, and parallel with and adjoining the said chambers L and L two chambers, M and M are provided, which are also arranged one above the other, the chambers M M being arranged between the outer cylinder, E and the chambers L L The cylindrical chamber L is connected with a pipe, N, for conducting the compressed gas from a receptacle into the said chamber L, and the chamber L is connected with a pipe, L, through which the air required is drawn into the chambers and then into the cylinders. The chamber M is connected with a pipe, M, through which the exhaust-gases, &c., are ejected from the cylinder E. The chamber 'L is connected by a channel, 0, with the chamber M, and the chamber L is connected by a channel, 0 with the chamber M, which in turn is connected bya channel, 1?, with the chamber F, and bya channel, Q, with the upper end ofthe exterior cylinder, E. A checkvalve, P, which opens into the chamber F, is

arranged at the upper end of the channel P to prevent the gas and air in the chamber F from passing back into the chamber M. The chamber M is connected by a channel, 0 with the upper part of the inner cylinder, E.

A channel, 0', extends from about the middle of the chamber L to the bottom of the valve-box K, and is connected with the pipe Q, which is connected with the bottom of the cylinder E. The end of the channel 0' in the chamber L and the end of the pipe N are arranged directly opposite each other and can both be closed by a cylindrical valve, a, fitting closely in the chamber L and mounted on a rod, R, projecting through the bottom of the chamber L and through the partitions separating the chambers L and L Within the chamber L a slide-valve, b, is mounted on the rod R, the said valve being of less diameter than the chamber L and being provided at each end with a head, d, fitting closely in the chamber, thevalve bbeing ofsuch ment L at the upper part of the chamber L and the channel 0'.

p The valves in the chambers M and M are arranged on a rod, S, on the upper end of which a cylindrical valve, 7", is mounted within the chamber M and within the chamber M a cylindrical valve, 8, is mounted on the rod S, which valve 8 is of less diameter than the chamber M, and is provided at each end with a head, it, fitting closely in the chamber. The lower end of the rod S is-connected by a rod, S, with a shaft, S one end of which is connected by a rod, S, with a handle-lever, S", which can be locked in place in a notched disk, S, on the frame of the machine, and on the same end of the shaft S" a downwardly projecting rod, T, is formed, in the lower end of which a'pin, T, is held, which projects into a slot, u, in the head of a T- shaped lever, U, pivoted by a bent rocking pivot, T", on a standard, T.

To the lower end of the downwardly-projecting arm or lever U a rod, V, is pivoted, which is provided on the opposite end with a pin, V, which passes into a cam-groove, V in a cairn-V mounted on the shaft A, the said rod V being suitably guided in the frame of the machine.

The lower end of the rod R is pivoted to a lever, B, on a standard, B A lever, B", pivoted to the upper end of the standard R", is connected by a link, R, with the lever B, thus keeping the levers R" and R parallel at all times.

A rod, W, guided on the standard R, can slide vertically, and is provided at its lower end with a crank-pin, W, which projects into a cam-groove, W, in the side of a cog-Wheel, V which cog-wheel engages with a wheel, m, mounted on the shaft A, and having cogs on half its circumference. The length of the cogged part of the wheel on is equal to onequarter of the circumference of the wheel VV The rod W is provided with two longitudinally-slotted arms, a and 0, projecting in opposite directions, in which arms pins 12 and 0,

respectively, are held to slide, the said pins being secured to rods 12 and 0 which are pivoted to the ends of angle-leversp and q, respectively, which levers can be locked on notched segmental or semicircular frames 19 and g, respectively, the said frames being se- A cured to the frame of the machine. A -spiral spring, w, surrounding the rod R, rests on a cross-piece or collar, to, on the same and presses the same downward.

The operation is as follows: The cranks of one engine of the pair that act on the same shaft are arranged at right angles to the cranks on the other engine, so that when one engine is at the end of the stroke the other will be at the half-stroke. The chamber F must at all times be filled with a mixture of gas and air. As shown in Fig. 3, the piston D in the cylinder E moves downward. At the same time the ring-piston D moves upward. \Vhen the piston D moves upward, it creates a vacuum in the lower part of the cylinder E, whereby the air is drawn through the pipe Q and the channel .0 the chamber L and the pipe L, the valve 1) being so adjusted that its upper head, d, is above the bottom of the enlargement L in the chamber L", thus permitting the air to pass from the enlargement L into the channel 0 and thence into the cylinder. The ring-piston D is moved downward by the expansion of the compressed gas in the outer cylinder, E, which gas passes from the pipe N to the chamber L, the channel 0, the

chamber M, and the channel Q, the valve or being so adjusted as to permit the gas to pass from the pipe N directly into the channel 0, and the valve 8 being so adjusted that its upper head, t, prevents communication between the channels P and Q, but establishes communication between the channels 0 and Q by means of the chamber M. WVhen the piston D strikes the lower end of the rod H, it forces the same upward, thereby causing the lever G to press down the valve F and permit the charge of gas and air in the chamber F to pass into the upperpart of the cylinder E, the contact-piece g is brought in contact with the contact-piece j, the circuit is closed, a spark is produced by the lighter or other devices, I, and the mixture of gas and air in the upper part of the cylinder E is exploded and forces down the piston D with great force, the spring f, which has been compressed by the lever G, expands, thereby forcing the valve F upward to close the channelf and at the same time forcing the rod H down. As the piston D moves downward it forces the air between the bottom of the cylinder and the piston through the tube Q, the channel 0 into the chamber L the channel 0 into the upper part of the chamber M, and through the channel P into the chamber F. At the same time the ring-piston D is moved upward from the crankshaft and forces the gas in the cylinder E through the channel Q into the chamber M, and from there into the channel P and the chamber F, the valve '8 being so arranged that its lower head closes the channel 0, and the lower head, (I, of the valve b closes the channel 0. When the piston D rises again, it forces out the products of explosion and the above described operation is repeated.

By the expansion of the compressed gas in the outer cylinder, E the walls of the inner cylinder, E, in which the explosion takes place, are cooled.

The slide-valves s r are operated from the T-shaped rocking lever U by means of the connecting-rod S.

By means of the lever S and the connecting-rod S the positions of the connecting-rod S and the rod S can be changed, and thus the position of the valves reversed and theniovement of the engine reversed.

As the movement of the valves or b must be very rapid, the cam-tracks W and the wheel W have been arranged in a corresponding manner.

There is one explosion which takes place in the cylinder E for each stroke of each engine, and the valves a b, for admitting the gas and air, must be shifted once for each stroke. This is accomplished by means of thecog-wheel m, which during half its revolution revolves the wheel W onequarter of a revolution, and as the cam WV is provided with four curves, as shown, the valves a b will be shifted once for each quarter-revolution of the wheel W that is, for each revolution of the shaft A. The rod W is reciprocated by the cam, and the pin a in the arm it strikes against the lever R thus moving the rod R upward,which is moved downward again by the spring to. When the engine is reversed, the pin 0 in the arm 0 of the rod WV strikes the lever B, thereby moving the rod B upward. The distance that the levers R and R are moved depends upon the positions of the pins 0 and n,which can be adjusted by means of the levers p and q, and thereby a greater or less quantity of compressed gas and air can be admitted into the chamber F or the cylinder E.

I have shown my improvedgas-engine constructed as an upright engine; but it can as well be constructed as a horizontal engine. The special features of the engine are that for each revolution of the shaft one explosion takes place, which drives the central or inner piston downward, which piston is then carried up ward by the impetus of the shaft, and when the inner piston moves upward the outer piston is moved downward by the expansion of the compressed gas, thereby cooling the inner cylinder. The inner piston at the same time acts as an air-pump to provide the required quantity of air to produce the explosive mixture of gases.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1; A gas-engine constructed with two independent cylinders, each containing an independent piston, both pistons being adaptedto act upon the same shaft, and with pipes, channels, or other conductors for conducting compressed gas into one cylinder, and then con ducting the gas after it has expanded into the second cylinder to be exploded, the first-men tioned cylinder being open at one end and the second-mentioned cylinder being closed at both ends, substantially as herein shown and described.

2. In a gas engine, the combination, with a cylinder open at one end and a cylinder closed at both ends, of pistons in the said cylinders, channels, tubes, or other conductors for conducting gas into the open cylinder, and from the same into the closed cylinder, and of a pipe for conducting air into one end of the closed cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.

3. A gas-engine constructed with a cylinder which is open at one end and a cylinder closed at both ends, pistons in thecylinders, pipes, channels, or other conductors for conducting compressed gasinto the open cylinder and from the same into the closed cylinder, and a pipe connected with the bottom of the closed cylinder and placed in communication with channels, pipes, or'other conductors for conducting the air from the closed cylinder into a chamber with the gas that has been conducted out of the open cylinder, substantially as here in shown and described.

4. In a gas-engine, the combination, with a cylinder open at one end, a cylinder closed at both ends, and a gas-chamber, of a piston in each cylinder, and of tubes, channels, or other conductors for conducting compressed air into the open cylinder, from the said open cylinder into the gas-chamber, and from thegaschamber into the closed cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.

5. In a gas-engine, the combination, with a cylinder open at one end, a cylinder closed at both ends, and a gas-chamber, of a piston in each cylinder, channels, tubes, or other conductors for conducting compressed gas into the open cylinder, and from the same into the gas-chamber, and from the gas-chamber into the closed cylinder, and tubes, channels, or other conductors for conducting air from the closed cylinder into the gas-chamber, substantially as herein shown and described.

6. In a gas-engine, the combination, with a cylinder open at one end, a cylinder closed at both ends, and a gas-chamber, of a piston in each cylinder, a shaft having directly-opposite cranks, with which the piston-rods of the two cylinders are connected, channels, tubes, or other conductors for conducting compressed gas into the open cylinder, channels for conducting the gas from the open cylinder into the gas-chamber, and channels for conducting the gas from the gaschamber into the closed cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.

7. In a gas-engine, the combination, wlth a cylinder open at one end and a cylinder closed at both ends, of pistonsin the cylinders,which pistons are connected with the opposite cranks of a crank-shaft, so that the said pistons will be moved in opposite directions, pipes, channels, or other conductors for conducting compressed gas into the open cylinder, and channels, pipes, or other conductors for conducting the gas after it has expanded in the open cylinder into the closed cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.

8. In a gas-engine, the combination, with a cylinder open at one end and a cylinder closed at both ends, of pistons in the said cylinders,

the said pistons moving in opposite directions, pipes or other conductors for conducting compressed gas into the open. cylinder, and after it has expanded from the same into the closed cylinder, and an automatically-operating device for admitting the gas and air mixed within the gas-chamber into the said closed cylinder when the piston in the said closed cylinder is near one end of the said cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.

9. In a gasengine, the combination, with a cylinder open at one end and a cylinder closed at both ends, of pistons in the said cylinders, the said pistons moving in opposite directions, pipes or other conductors for conducting compressed gas into the open cylinder, and after it has expanded in the same into the closed cylinder, an automatically-operating device for admitting gas and air mixed in the gas chamber into the said closed cylinder when the piston in the closed cylinder is near one end of the said cylinder, and an automatic device for producing a spark by closing an electric circuit, or in any other suitable manner,

directly after the mixture of gas and air has been admitted into the closed cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.

10. Ina gasengine, the combination, with two cylinders connected by suitable channels, of a piston in each cylinder, and two sets of valves for admitting gas and air into a gaschamber connected with one of the cylinders, substantially as herein shown and described.

11. In a gas-engine, the combination, with two cylinders, of pistons in the same, and of slide-valves for admitting gas into one cylinder and air into the other, and admitting the mixture of gas and air into the latter cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.

12. A gas-engine constructed with two c0ncentric cylinders, above the outer one of which a gas-chamber is formed, substantially as herein shown and described.

13. A gasengine constructed with two concentric cylinders, on the outer one of which a gas-chamber and a valve chest or box are formed, substantially as herein shown and described.

14. A gas-engine constructed with two concentric cylinders, a gas-chamber, a valve-box, and with a pipe connecting one end of the inner cylinder with the valve-box, substantially as herein shown and described.

15. In a gas-engine, the combination, with the concentric cylinders E E above the latter of which a gas-chamber, F, is formed, of the valve F the valve-stem f, thc pivoted IIC lever G, the sliding rod H in one end of the inner cylinder, E, and the pistons D and D in the cylinders E and E substantially as herein shown and described.

16. In a gas-engine, the combination, with the concentric cylinders E E of which the latter forms a gas-chamber, F, of the valve F the valve-stem f, the lever G, the sliding rod H in the end of the cylinder E, the contact g, secured on one end of the lever G and connected with an electric lighter, I, the arm G, the contact j on the same, an induction apparatus connected with the said contacts, and of the pistons D D in the said cylinders, substantially as herein shown and described.

17. In a gas-engine, the combination, with the cylinders E E of which the latter forms the gas-chamber F, of the pistons D D, the valve-box K, the valves a b, mounted on the DANIEL S. TROY.

WVitnesses:

ALEX. TROY, JAMES JACKSON. 

